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Coxmoor
Publishing Companyıs Spectroscopy Series of Handbooks is
intended to be a library of books introducing concisely
the concepts, basic theory and methodology, together with
some application examples, of the many spectroscopic techniques
used today.
This
exciting new Series is being launched this year (2008) with
this volume, which is devoted to analytical Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry, co-authored by Professor Alfredo Sanz-Medel
and Dr. Rosario Pereiro. (The second book in the Series
on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of solids is in preparation.
Other
volumes will follow at regular intervals, each authored
or co-authored by internationally recognised experts in
the field.) Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) is not
a new technique; its roots can be traced back to the 19th
century, and it is at the core of elemental analysis techniques;
modern analytical AAS has evolved from the pioneering work
in the 1950s at the CSIRO (Commonwealth Science and Industry
Research Organisation) in Melbourne, Australia, by a team
led by Alan Walsh.
AAS
measures the concentration of gas-phase atoms through their
characteristic absorption of light at element-characteristic
wavelengths. As described in this book, while underlying
many more advanced methods of elemental analyses, AAS remains
today a basic, cost-effective workhorse analytical technique
for elemental analysis in many laboratories.
Preface
Chapter
One An Introduction to Analytical Atomic Spectrometry
Basic interactions of electromagnetic radiation with atoms
for chemical analysis
Atomic line spectra and their origin
Atomic line characteristics
Atomic lines spectral width
The natural broadening of lines
Doppler broadening
Lorentz broadening
Self-absorption effects
Other broadening processes
A comparative overview of analytical atomic spectrometric
techniques
Dissolved sample analysis techniques
Direct solid analysis techniques
Scope of the book
Chapter
Two Theory and Basic Concepts in Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
General introduction
The basic AAS experiment
The absorption coefficient concept
Quantitative analysis by atomic absorption spectrometry
Interferences in flame analytical atomic spectrometric techniques
Comparative analytical performance characteristics of AAS
Chapter
Three Basic Components of Atomic Absorption Spectrometric
Instruments
Introduction: single beam and double beam instruments
Primary radiation sources
Hollow cathode lamps
Electrodeless discharge lamps
Boosted discharge lamps
Diode lasers
Continuous sources
Atomizers: overview
Wavelength selectors
Detectors
Background correctors
Deuterium background corrector
Zeeman correction
Smith-Hieftje correction
Chapter
Four Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Introduction
The atomizer unit in flame atomic absorption spectrometry
Nebulizer, nebulization chamber and burner
Flame
Special sampling techniques
Flame atomic absorption instrumentation
Flame atomic absorption spectrometers
Accessories
Analytical performance characteristics and interferences
Spectral interferences
Non-spectral interferences
Calibration in flame atomic absorption spectrometry
Analytical figures of merit
Use of organic solvents
Applications and case studies
Determination of calcium in milk
Determination of molybdenum in fertilizers
Determination of lead in gasoline
Chapter
Five Hydride Generation and Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry
Introduction
Volatile hydrides generation by tetrahydroborate(III) in
aqueous media
Mechanism of hydride formation
Basic instrumentation
Limits of detection
Selectivity: sources of interferences
Electrochemical generation of volatile hydrides
Cold vapor generation
Mercury
Cadmium
Trapping/preconcentration sample introduction
Applications and case studies
Determination of arsenic in water
Determination of mercury and methylmercury in hair
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Chapter
Six Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Introduction
The electrothermal atomizer
The cuvette used in electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry
Side-heated atomizers
Steps for an analysis by electrothermal atomic absorption
spectrometry: the temperature program
Instrumentation
Sample introduction systems: autosampler
Instrumental background correction
Data acquisition and treatment
Interferences
Spectral interferences
Non- spectral interferences
Matrix modifiers
Atomization from solids and slurries
Analytical performance characteristics of electrothermal
atomic absorption spectrometric methods
Applications and case studies
Determination of lead in human urine and blood
Determination of selenium in human milk
Determination of arsenic in sediment and soil slurries
Chapter
Seven Flow Analysis and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Introduction
Flow injection analysis and atomic absorption spectrometry
Instrumentation
Sample introduction unit
Propulsion system
Connecting tubes
Simple common manifolds: dilution and calibration
Solid-liquid separation and preconcentration
Sorption
Precipitation and co-precipitation
Gas-phase formation strategies
Flow systems for the formation of volatile derivatives of
the analyte(s)
Approaches for preconcentration in the gas phase
Sample digestion
On-line photo-oxidation flow systems
On-line microwave-assisted digestion
Flow injection coupled to electrothermal atomisation
Chromatographic separations coupled on-line to atomic absorption
spectrometry
Applications and case studies
On-line aluminium pre-concentration and its application
to the determination of the metal in dialysis concentrates
Indirect atomic absorption spectrometric determination of
sulphonamides in pharmaceutical preparations and urine
Coupled high performance liquid chromatography
microwave digestion
hydride generation
atomic absorption spectrometry (HPLC-MW-HG-AAS) for inorganic
and organic arsenic speciation in fish tissue 166
Chapter
Eight Buyers Guide and Reference Section
Companies
Glossary of terms
Standards
British Standards Institution
International Standards Organization
References
Bibliography
Books
Journals
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